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مکانیک::
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The phenomenological models usually contain empirical coefficients which are considered constant, have no physical meaning and are evaluated via calibrations with experimental results.
empirical coefficients of the model as functions of physical parameters.
* In Chapter 5, analytical closed-form expressions are derived for the extraction of hydrodynamic coefficients and maximum responses from the 2DOF VIV, the system phase relationships of wake and cylinder motions and various maps of hydrodynamic coefficients are presented, the analytically-obtained contour plots of maximum cross-flow/in-line responses are highlighted and a shortcoming of using a linear structural oscillator and applying a constant empirical coefficient to the wake oscillator is underlined.
* Different empirical coefficients which usually have no actual physical interpretation and are evaluated by calibration of the wake oscillator with experimental results.
in which overdots mean derivatives with respect to dimensional time t and q=2Cl/Cl0 where Cl is the time-varying lift coefficient and ε is one of the empirical coefficients of this wake oscillator model.
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